The Nobel Prizes (/ n o b l / noh-BEL; Swedish: Nobelpriset [nblprist]; Norwegian: Nobelprisen [nblprisn]) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most . China includes Nobel prizes from Taiwan. Nobel Prize Winners by Year | Britannica All rights reserved. The Nobel Prize. It has been awarded posthumously once, to Erik Axel Karlfeldt in 1931. But at least one Nobel winner, Professor Bhattacharyas Stanford colleague Carl Wieman, a professor of physics and of education, questioned the value of the inquiry. John Goodenough: World's oldest Nobel Prize winner dies at 100 Seventeen women have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, the second highest number of any of the Nobel Prizes behind the Nobel Peace Prize. The most recent women to be awarded a Nobel Prize were Annie Ernaux in Literature and Carolyn R. Bertozzi for Chemistry (2022), Maria Ressa for Peace (2021), Louise Glck in Literature, Andrea M. Ghez in Physics, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna in Chemistry (2020), Esther Duflo in Economics (2019), Donna Strickland in Physics, Fran. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Nobel Prize is the most distinguished and coveted global honour. Photo: Stefan Bladh The Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 Abdulrazak Gurnah A small group of Nobel winners have won more than once. The nation with the next highest number of Nobel Prizes is the United Kingdom with 138. In 1956, he and two colleagues at Bell Labs, William Shockley and Walter Brattain, won for inventing the transistor, which revolutionised the field of electronics by leading to smaller and cheaper radios, calculators and computers, amongst other objects. Although Nobels will was read after his death in 1895, it was highly controversial and took six years before the awards came into being. Switzerland-based International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is the only 3-time recipient of the Nobel Prize, being conferred with Peace Prize in 1917, 1944, and 1963. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship. Jean-Paul SartreJean-Paul Sartre declined the Nobel Prize. Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature | Britannica Who has won 3 Nobel Prizes? Press the escape key to exit. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 2019 NOTE: International Physicians for The Prevention of Nuclear War Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts, was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. A Nobel Prize can be awarded to one, two, or three people and can be given in recognition of up to two separate works or accomplishments. Marie Curie, ne Maria Salomea Skodowska, (born November 7, 1867, Warsaw, Congress Kingdom of Poland, Russian Empiredied July 4, 1934, near Sallanches, France), Polish-born French physicist, famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. It has received the Peace prize three times in history. The UNHCR was awarded two Nobel Peace Prizes, first in 1954 and again in 1981. (October 2021) This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates by country. The Nobel Prize recognizes significant contributions to the advancement of various aspects of culture, science and academics. Nobel Laureates | HHMI Pauling won his first Nobel in 1954 for his work in molecular chemistry, particularly in the field of proteins and anti-bodies. Marie and Pierre Curie were at the start of the research for the radioactivity and Marie Curie was the first woman rewarded with the Nobil Prize. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. There are 60 women who have been awarded a Nobel Prize out of the more than 900 recipients. In the early years up to the Second World War, the Nobel Peace Prize was always awarded to diplomatic mediators and anti-war activists. The pair were honored "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats." American Barry Sharpless on Wednesday became only the fifth person ever to win a second Nobel Prize, two decades after being awarded his first. Hi there! The Nobel Prize in Literature (Swedish: Nobelpriset i litteratur) is awarded annually by the Swedish Academy to authors for outstanding contributions in the field of literature. ", As of 2022, 61 Nobel Prizes and the Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences have been awarded to 60 women. [2] The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in 1901 to Sully Prudhomme of France. The purpose of the effort, Professor Bhattacharya said, was to identify the drop-off and create room for universities and others to possibly address it. This site uses cookies to assist with navigation, analyse your use of our services, collect data for ads personalisation and provide content from third parties. I wouldnt say that this is an argument to get rid of the Nobel.. It has received the Peace prize three times in history. Nobel Prize winners | Johns Hopkins University The International Committee of the Red Cross was subsequently awarded the Nobel Prize on three different occasions: in 1917 and 1944, as a tribute to its humanitarian activities during the two World Wars, and again in 1963, together with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, on the. Who Won Nobel Prizes For Both Physics And Chemistry The table provides a list of winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Swedish geneticist Svante Pbo has won the Nobel Prize for medicine for pioneering the use of ancient DNA to unlock secrets about human evolution. Nobel prizewinners show research drop-off - Times Higher Education (THE) Curies awards were also unique because she received the prizes in two different categories. A second Nobel followed in 1911, this time for chemistry, when Curie was honoured alone for her work on radioactivity. Resources foracademics and university staff, Everything you need for each stepof your study abroad journey. By Robert Farley Posted on September 23, 2020 1 In recent rallies, President Donald Trump has repeatedly conflated winning a Nobel Peace Prize with being nominated for one, and has wrongly. The Curie family in total has had five Nobel Laurates. NobelPrize.org With Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics. Nobel Prizes are awarded in five areas: peace, literature, physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine. Why Was The American Education System Created. Christine Olsson/TT News Agency, via Associated Press. Editors Photo: Stefan Bladh, Nobel Prize Outreach. The Nobel Institute and Library is open to the public. In 1903, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, along with her husband Pierre Curie and French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel for their research into spontaneous radiation. If you like what you're reading online, why not take advantage of our subscription and get unlimited access to all of Times Higher Education's content? 1915Nobel Prize in Physiology, 1944, Vincent du Vigneaud, National Research Fellow, Pharmacology 1927-28Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1955, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Assistant in Physics, 1930-32; Associate, 1932-36Nobel Prize in Physics, 1963, Francis Peyton Rous, A.B. Top 11 Countries with the Most Nobel Prize Winners (1901-2021). 2022 Nobel Prizes: List of Winners - The New York Times The 57 women who have won the Nobel Prize - Chicago Tribune Two international organizations have won the Nobel Prize more than once: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Maybe if theres some way we can reduce the unwanted burden of new attention brought by the Nobel Prize, that might be one constructive thing you could get out of this paper, he said. Wikisource has original works on the topic: "Alfred Nobel The Man Behind the Nobel Prize", "Winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature | Nobel Prize in Literature", "Jean-Paul Sartre rejected Nobel prize in a letter to jury that arrived too late", "Bob Dylan removes mention of Nobel prize from website", "Nobel Prize winners: How many women have won awards? Gender representation on corporate boards of directors, Science, technology, engineering and mathematics, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses, Bertha Sophie Felicitas Kinsk von Suttner, List of female nominees for the Nobel Prize, List of female nominators for the Nobel Prize, List of female Clarivate Citation laureates, "The 58 women who have won the Nobel Prize", "100 Years Ago: Marie Skodowska-Curie Wins 2nd Nobel Prize", "All Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine", The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2014, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2015, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2009, The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019, "These Are the Four Women Who Won Nobel Prizes in 2020", Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute, Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_female_Nobel_laureates&oldid=1149630299, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, ""for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of, "for their discoveries of important principles for, "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early, "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase", "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain", "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy (, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor, "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure", "for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy", "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome", "for the development of a method for genome editing", "for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry", "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings", "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general", "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages", "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces", "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world", "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength", "who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity", "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality", "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality", "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichs and their subjugating power", "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny", "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed", "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time", "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life", "for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal", "for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory", "for her audacity to oppose the horrors of war", "for their assiduous effort to revive the ideal of peace and to rekindle the spirit of peace in their own nation and in the whole of mankind", "for her lifelong work for the cause of peace", "for the courageous efforts in founding a movement to put an end to the violent conflict in Northern Ireland", "for her work for bringing help to suffering humanity", "for their work for disarmament and nuclear and weapon-free zones", "for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights", "in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples", "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines", "for her efforts for democracy and human rights, focusing especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children", "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace", "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for, "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education", "for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict", "for their effort to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace", "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons", "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty". I consent to my email address being used in accordance with theprivacy policy. Linus Pauling, the US chemist who posited that huge doses of vitamin C can ward off the common cold, is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizesthe 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Only 57 of the more than 900 people who have won the Nobel Prize have been women. Curie was awarded a second Nobel Prize in 1911 in the field of chemistry in recognition of her discovery of polonium and radium. The highest number of recognitions has been given to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Nobel Prize - Wikipedia In 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre made known that he did not wish to accept the Nobel Prize in Literature,[8] as he had consistently refused all official honors in the past. A team of Stanford University scientists has identified a possible downside to winning a Nobel Prize: it appears to decrease research productivity. He shares the prize with Paul Milgrom, also of Stanford University. 1969were among the six physicians (three Americans, three Soviets) who . Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletters are free features that allow you to receive your favourite sci-tech news updates. Marie Curie The first person in history to accomplish the feat of twice receiving a Nobel Prize was the Polish scientist Marie Skodowska Curie ( 7 th November, 1867- 4 th July, 1934 ), first awarded the prize in Physics and, later, in Chemistry. What Does The Rockefeller Family Control? 2Karl Adolph Gjellerup (Nobel Prize in Literature 1917) wrote in Danish and German. NOTE: International Physicians for The Prevention of Nuclear War Inc. of Boston, Massachusetts, was the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. Dr. Lown delivered one of the two Nobel acceptance speeches on behalf of the organization. Who is the only woman to win multiple Nobel Prizes? Two organisations have won multiple Nobel Peace Prizes. For the Nobel Peace Prize, nomination forms are sent to governments, members of the Norwegian Novel Committee, and former Peace Prize laureates. History of the Nobel Prize The Nobel Prize was created through the final will of Alfred Nobel, an accomplished Swedish inventor. Statistically speaking, 2019 Nobel Prize lineup of 11 men and - Science 27 individual organisations have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, as UNHCR, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, has received the Nobel Peace Prize twice, in 1954 and 1981, and the work of Comit international de la Croix Rouge . List of Nobel laureates - Wikipedia Vaccine breakthrough: Dr. Katalin Karik, a senior vice president at BioNTech based in Germany, won a 2021 Lasker award, an honor which is often seen as a precursor to the Nobel prize. Only when they've won are candidates informed of their nomination. At the current exchange rate, thats about $1,135,384 a hefty sum, even for the best and brightest minds in the world. Phys.org is a part of Science X network. [3] Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. Key People: Alfred Nobel George E. Smith Related Topics: 2022 Nobel Peace Prize winners Nobel Prize in Literature Notable Honorees: Barack Obama Winston Churchill Albert Einstein Martin Luther King, Jr. See all related content Recent News Jun. This prestigious trophy is named for Alfred Nobel, who created dynamite. The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 was awarded to Albert Einstein for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Albert Einstein received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1922. Economics is the new kid on the block: It began to give prizes in 1969. 1900; M.D. The International Committee of the Red Cross won in 1917, 1944 and 1963 and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees won in 1954 and 1981. The Red Cross has been the recipient of three Nobel Peace Prizes, first in 1917, and again in 1944 and 1963. Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (Mit), Missouri University Of Science And Technology, State University Of New York Health Science Center At Brooklyn, Suny College Of Environmental Science And Forestry, The University Of North Carolina At Charlotte, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, The University Of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, The University Of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University Of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, The University Of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Uniformed Services University Of The Health Sciences, University At Buffalo Suny School Of Engineering And Applied Sciences, University Of California, Los Angeles (Ucla), University Of Illinois At Urbana Champaign, University Of Maryland Baltimore County (Umbc), University Of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, University Of Tennessee Health Science Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. The Magnificent Four Who Received The Nobel Prize Twice - OpenMind All medals made before 1980 were struck in 23 carat gold. Photo: A. Mahmoud, Nobel Prize Outreach. Undated picture taken at Paris showing the physicists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie at work in their laboratory. 1956; Assistant Professor of Microbiology, 1967-69; Associate Professor, 1969-1973; Professor, 1973-1998; Professor Emeritus 1998-presentNobel Prize in Medicine, 1978, Daniel Nathans, Assistant Professor, 1962-65; Associate Professor, 1965-67; Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 1967-1999; Interim President, 1995-96Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1978, David H. Hubel, Assistant Resident, Neurology, 1954-55; Fellow, Neuroscience, 1958-59Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1981, Torsten Wiesel, Fellow, Ophthalmology, 1955-58; Assistant Professor, 1958-59Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1981, Merton H. Miller, Ph.D. 1952 (and honorary doctorate 1993)Nobel Prize in Economics, 1990, Robert W. Fogel, Ph.D. 1963Nobel Prize in Economics, 1993, Martin Rodbell, B.A. Born Maria Sklodowska in Poland, Curie moved to Paris as a student and is famed for having isolated the elements of polonium and radium as well as for promoting radium to alleviate suffering. Laureates - Nobel Peace Prize Once all nominations have been received (by January 31 of a given year), the Nobel Committee narrows the list to 300 potential winners and delivers a list of the nominees, as well as a report detailing their candidacy, to the institutions that award each prize. Between 1901 and 2022, the Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel were awarded 615 times to 989 people and organisations. Frank Vinken, Max-Plank-Society, via Associated Press; EPA, via. All Nobel Prizes. For the literature and science-based prizes, nomination forms are sent out each year to approximately 3,000 academics, each an expert in a relevant field (physics, chemistry, medicine, economics, literature). A Nobel prize for relativity was never awarded. Sanger's his first Nobel Prize was awarded in recognition of his work in understanding the nature of proteins. Trump's Nobel Nonsense - FactCheck.org Photo: Paul Kennedy Ardem Patapoutian "for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch" Nobel Prize Outreach. British biochemist Frederick Sanger, dubbed the father of genomics, was the only person to win the chemistry Nobel twice. An example of a distinctive Nobel Peace Laureate is Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh. The majority of these prizes have been in the Nobel Prize for Physics. The Nobel Laureates can be groups or individuals. Woodrow Wilson, Ph.D. 1886 (History)Nobel Prize in Peace, 1919, James Franck, Professor of Physics, 1935-38Nobel Prize in Physics, 1925, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Ph.D. 1890 (Zoology); LL.D. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. See Multiple Nobel Prize laureates. Biology 1949Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1994, Jody Williams, M.A. All Nobel Prizes 2022 - NobelPrize.org News articles often put Einsteins IQ at 160, though its unclear what that estimate is based upon. The affiliations are those at the time of the Nobel Prize announcement. Frederick Sanger was a British biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry on two occasions. The Nobel Prize was created through the final will of Alfred Nobel, an accomplished Swedish inventor. The 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to three scientists whose work harnessed the power of molecular interaction and introduced new, unobtrusive ways of studying the natural world. Some people may be at the end of their productive scientific career, and it may be a perfect thing, he said. 48. In 1972, he picked up his second Nobel for developing the BSC-theory of superconductivity, with fellow American physicists Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer. Chemist Frederick Sanger, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1958 and 1980, sitting at his desk in Cambridge on October 27, 1958. The most Nobel Prizes awarded to women in a single year was in 2009, when five women became laureates in four categories. At times, a given award may be added to multiple countries' totals. List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates - Wikipedia A portrait taken December 1975 of US physicist John Bardeen (1908-91) during a trip to Finland. However, as the 20th Century progressed, the type of nominee and Laureates diversified to works done in other humanitarian ventures. As a matter of fact, the only category of Nobel Prizes in which the North American country doesnt lead is the Nobel Prize for Literature. I've since worked with schools and districts all over the country, helping them improve their curriculums and instruction methods. The 119 Nobel laureates in literature from 1901 to 2022 were from the following sexes: .mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}^ A. Photo: Geir Anders Rybakken rslien. Which five have won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry? - ScienceOxygen I got my start in education as a teacher, working with students in grades K-12. The International Committee of the Red Cross won in 1917, 1944 and 1963 and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees won in 1954 . Along with . The Nobel Prize is one of the world's most prestigious awards and is given annually to individuals and organizations to acknowledge significant academic, scientific, and cultural contributions or advances. US engineer John Bardeen shared the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. Professor Wieman won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001 at the University of Colorado Boulder, then shifted his career focus toward finding ways ofimproving university science instruction. His subsequent honours included winning the 2020 Yidan Prize for Education Research, worth $4 million (3 million). The nation with the next highest number of Nobel Prizes is the United Kingdom with 138. Our Nobel winners include recipients of the prize in Medicine (16), Physics (4), Chemistry (3), Economics (3), Physiology (1), and two Nobel Peace Prize honoreesamong them President Woodrow Wilson, who received a doctorate from Hopkins in 1886. ", "2018 Nobel Prize In Literature Is A Casualty Of Sex-Abuse Scandal", "Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to Olga Tokarczuk and Peter Handke", "George Bernard Shaw | Irish dramatist and critic", "The Nobel Prize in Literature 2017 Press Release", "Number of Nobel Laureates in Literature Sorted in Languages", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Literature&oldid=1160994820, "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of, "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit", "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a, "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama", "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer", "not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces", "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration that characterize the creations of this world-famous author", "in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life", "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings", "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories", "in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations", "primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art", "because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West", poetry, novel, drama, short story, essay, translation, "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings", "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature", "for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals", "for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark", "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament", "for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama", "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation", "for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty", "for her idealistically inspired writings, which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general", "in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented", "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages", "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters", "for his distinguished art of narration, which takes its highest form in, "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing", "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art", "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy", "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel cycle, "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces", "for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature", "for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style", "for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world", "for his inspired writings, which while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style", "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight", "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry", "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel", "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought", "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind", "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life", "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values", "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in, "for his vivid epic power, which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland", "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity", "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times", novel, short story, drama, philosophy, essay, "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition", "for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times", "for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry, which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time", "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country", "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception", "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture", "for his work, which rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age", philosophy, novel, drama, essay, short story, screenplay, "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his, "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people", "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength", "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America", "for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind", "for his writing, which in new forms for the novel and drama in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation", "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature", "for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams", "for his writing, which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature", "for an epic and psychological narrative art, which has introduced a new continent into literature", "for a narrative art, farseeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom", "for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos", "for his distinctive poetry, which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions", "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work", "for a creative poetic writing, which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars", "for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life", "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness", "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts", "for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power", "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts", "for his novels, which with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today", "for his poetry, which endowed with freshness, and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man", "who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition", "who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence", "for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity", "who, through works rich in nuance now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind", "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability", "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity", "who through her magnificent epic writing has in the words of Alfred Nobel been of very great benefit to humanity", "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment", "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality", "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today", "for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past", "for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality", "who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden", "who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality", "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history", "for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama", "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories", "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history", "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider", "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichs and their subjugating power", "who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms", "who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures", "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny", novel, short story, memoir/autobiography, drama, poetry, essay, "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization", "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed", "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat", "because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality", "for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of, "for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time", "for having created new poetic expressions within the great, "who, in novels of great emotional force, has uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world", "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life", novel, short story, poetry, essay, screenplay, "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience", novel, short story, drama, essay, translation, screenplay, "for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal", "for his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of, "for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory", This page was last edited on 20 June 2023, at 00:01.

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