Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called cones. Ask the learners why they think this is important. If there is no fertilisation, the female's blood-rich uterus lining and unfertilised egg are discarded through the vagina once a month. Sunflowers are in fact composite flowers, made up of hundreds of individual flowers working together. Contents We say they are aquatic. The reproductive structures of the flower are in the middle of the flower. If there are different cultural and religious groups in the class, it might be an opportune time to discuss religious laws and views on menstruation and what girls in the class experience as part of this group. In order for this to happen, the sperm (from the male) has to combine with the egg cell (from the female) to produce a baby. In wind pollinated flowers, the pollen needs to be carried by the wind as it blows. Learners must be encouraged to take notes as they will have a question on this at the end of the chapter. Teachers should also encourage students to wait until they are older to become sexually active. The generative cell stored in the male gametophyte is divided into two sperm nuclei. Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called cones. If you decide to have sex, you should do so in a responsible manner. Your first tooth, first word, first first step that you took, etc. (There will always be a few exceptions of older people who are shorter than younger people, and girls who are taller than boys, but using the average helps us to see the general trend that occurs in most people.). The red line indicates the average change in height of girls as they grow older. This is not true. Which of these comments had the strongest reaction from the people you surveyed? This process is called pollination. 5 One sperm enters the outer cover of the egg to fertilise it. CAPS suggests that learners grow a bean plant during this topic in order to observe the stages in the life cycle of angiosperm plants. Your different birthdays - perhaps you have some photos you can stick on for some of your birthdays. In conifers such as pines, the green leafy part of the plant is the sporophyte, and the cones contain the male and female gametophytes (Figure 1). It might be useful to brainstorm bad name choices and to discuss the use of the correct terminology to avoid this. Pollination Angiosperms have to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce. They occur on the spur shoots among the bases of the young leaves. How do angiosperms reproduce? - Answers The seeds are within fruit (berries) which the bird likes to eat. If time allows, you may wish to grant learners 10 minutes for self-reflection. It does not just show a comparison between one girl and one boy, but rather takes the average height of a large group of girls and a large group of boys. Sexual reproduction is studied again in Gr. By not producing petals they can invest in producing more pollen instead. Gymnosperms Come From a Group Called Seed Plants The moment that fertilisation takes place when the male sperm fuses with the female egg cell and forms a new individual. Study the following diagram of a flower. The flowers are mostly long and slender and quite flimsy (loose). Learner-dependent answer. 11.7: Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms. United States. How do Gymnosperms have sexual reproduction? They think that the huge increase in air pollution and acid rain has affected the wings and flight of these insects. Sexual reproduction takes place in most plants and animals. How do plants make new plants? 9 Life and Living. to persistent boys. Gymnosperms are found throughout the world. of cones: male cones and female cones. The nuts are tasty to the squirrel so the animal collects them and carries them to another place to store them. The loss of pollinators in Southern Africa, specifically wild bees and butterflies, has lead to further crop failures three years in a row. These changes include: the seed The layer then hardens and no other sperm are allowed to enter. They produce much more pollen compared to the flowers pollinated by animals. On the end of the stamen is the anther. (credit a: modification of work by Wendy Cutler; credit b: modification of work by Lews Castle UHI) Gymnosperm reproduction differs from . Seed development usually take about a year or two. Remember that angiosperms produce flowers, and their seeds are within a fruit, whereas gymnosperms produce seeds in cones. During puberty, the ovaries mature, and start to release one mature egg each month. Figure 1. Mangrove seeds start to germinate while still on the parent plant, then drop into the ocean and wait until the sea washes them onto a shore where they can continue germinating and growing. The female reproductive organs include the vagina, uterus, oviducts and the ovaries. Pollen often sticky or spiky to attach to pollinators. Some of the points that learners could note are: The flower is brightly coloured and probably gives off a sweet smelling smell to attract the bat. There is huge variety in the types of seeds and fruit in the world. What is a 'pollinator'? What is menstruation and why does it occur once a month? Flowers come in so many different colours, shapes and sizes. Height is measured in centimetres (cm) and age is measured in years. The long filaments of the stamens enables the anthers to be exposed to the wind so that the can blow and move in the wind and easily release the pollen. Discuss this with your teacher and your class and take some notes. What is the relationship between Commerce and economics? These seeds are sometimes quite large, but still light so that they can travel through the air. Flowers are the sexual organs of angiosperms. Read some of the following comments people have made about menstruation and sex. Chronogram of the extant genera of gymnosperms based on Lu et al. A myth is a story that may or may not be true. Then look up a definition for each word and write it down. 3. Identify the male and female structures. Is this correct? At the end of this lesson, you should make a point of discussing derogatory words that are used with reference to women and men. Or else, they can prevent the fertilised egg from implanting in the uterus wall. In this chapter we are going to learn about sexual reproduction where two parent organisms mate and their genetic information (DNA) combines to make offspring which look similar, but they are not identical. A note has been included in the margin about cells, and it will be beneficial to your class to introduce what cells are, even though they only formally study cells in Gr. Use the dissecting needle to carefully open up the ovary. Angiosperms - NatureWorks - New Hampshire PBS Learner-dependent answer. The average height of boys at 18 years is about 187 cm and the average height of girls is about 171 cm. They both produce seeds but the From here it moves to the uterus. Let's discuss this some more. dikaryotic, nuclei During Asexual reproduction the hypha produces spore sacs by mitosis. If this is happening to you, go and speak to someone you trust and ask them to help you solve the problem. (Which type of animal is most common?). They will need to refer back to this discussion to formulate their answer so it is important that they start to learn to take notes. If your teacher has petunias or hibiscus flowers, dissect one of those. Process of transferring data to a storage medium? Why did derick faison leave td jakes ministry? On what day did the stem sprout? There is a direct relationship between the length of the tongue or beak of the main pollinator and the length of the nectar pouch in the flower! Learners must make sure to label in the correct way, using a ruler to draw straight, parallel label lines pointing and touching the structure to be named. Which line is on top? This is natural and should be embraced so that they are educated and can make informed choices about their sexual health going forward. Work in pairs for the next 4 questions. reproduction. When did you see the first leaf (or leaves)? However, you are in control of your body and can make the decision when you are ready to become a parent and to fall pregnant. It is the personal preference of the couple. Under the right conditions, these seeds will germinate and grow into a new plant. Let them do an Internet search to find the scientific names or have gardening books available in class for them to search in. Therefore, when they bird eats the fruit, the seeds pass through the bird and are dispersed far away in the bird's droppings. After 6 years old, and until 10 years old, the graph lines for boys and girls split. There is a chance that you can get pregnant if you have sex during your period. Some tips for teaching human reproduction: If you look around at your Gr. This is beneficial so that not all pods explode at the same time, but they do so in stages. Place some kitchen roll, toilet paper or tissue in your transparent jar. A timeline shows us a representation of how time passes and the events which take place. It is useful to point out to learners in this section, that hormonal contraceptive pills DO NOT protect against STDs and that a mistake made when they are young may affect the rest of their lives. The penis grows longer and slightly wider; it begins to ejaculate preparing for reproduction. This allows the wind to move and carry away the pollen easily. Hint: Think back to the ages of puberty for boys and girls and how they differ. Do you want to engage in sex or do you want to wait until you are older? As we discussed above, your body prepares itself to reproduce during puberty. Hint: Think of the chances of a flower being pollinated by an animal which visits it to drink nectar, compared to the chances of being pollinated by pollen that is carried in the wind. You should check with the Life Orientation teacher at your school about what learners are doing at this stage, particularly with reference to sexual maturity, emotional changes and becoming self-aware. Take some notes on the following lines. The fertilised ovules become seeds and the ovary may swell to form a fruit. Since angiosperms produce a very large amount of the world's food crops, without pollinators, we would be without most of the food crops produced for us to eat. Some learners might also not want their timelines displayed, so this should be a personal activity for learners to do, without the pressure of having to display their timelines to the class. Why don't libraries smell like bookstores? Get the facts: Make sure you know up-to-date information about STDs and how they are spread, their symptoms and how you can protect yourself during sexual intercourse. Cells named microsporocytes are located in the microsporangium and they divide via meiosis, resulting in four haploid microspores. The embryo or tiny seed will develop in here. Some species of Angiosperms can also . The fertilised egg then moves to the uterus, is embedded in the lining of the uterus and grows for approximately 9 months before the baby is born. If the seeds that are produced by the parent plant germinate and start to grow directly under it, in some cases it may replace aging plants, but in most cases it would be in direct competition with the parent plant for light, minerals and water. 7 learner was asked to define the terms puberty, menstruation, fertilisation, pregnancy and conception. It may be useful before starting this section to have a box where learner's can put questions in advance of the lesson. Our sexual organs need to reach maturity. Resembling angiosperms, the basic life cycle of gymnosperms are characterized by alternation of generations. In the third column, write a couple sentences describing how you think this seed is adapted for dispersal. 2 or 1 During sexual intercourse, the sperm is propelled from the penis. Pollination is the process whereby the male pollen is transferred to the female stigma in order for fertilisation to take place. The generative cell approaches towards the female gametophyte through the micropyle via the pollen tube. Learners might feel more comfortable asking a stranger questions. Such positioning makes self-pollination hard because the pollen is shed and is blown by the wind, which the likelihood of experiencing pollination significantly decreases. In the Mesozoic era (251-65.5 million years ago), gymnosperms dominated the landscape. During this time the uterus develops a thick lining of blood in preparation for the possible arrival of a fertilised egg. Write a paragraph where you explain your reason why. The life cycle of a gymnosperm is characterized by alternation of generations. 6The fertilised egg is implanted in the uterine lining. ", "Don't ever swim when you are having a period! The smaller and lighter the pollen grains are, the further the wind can carry it. Cones are covered with scales. Discuss this with your class and take some notes on the following lines. Do the growth spurts take place at the same age for boys and girls? What information is this graph providing? Menstruation: when the blood-rich lining of the uterus and unfertilised egg cell is discarded through the vagina. Explain why the petals on some flowers are brightly coloured while on other plants we can hardly see the petals, and sometimes they are absent altogether. Therefore you are the only one who should be permitted to decide when you are ready to have a sexual relationship. If the woman has an infection with a high temperature, or is on antibiotics, this may also reduce the pill's effectiveness. That means that, even if the last time you had sex was three days ago during your period, you could now be ovulating and therefore you could get pregnant. You can even ask some more basic questions, such as: Learners have a right to their privacy during this section. Think about all the different fruits that you can buy in the shops - there are many different shapes, sizes and colours! Pollination is assisted by animals (pollinators), the wind and/ or water. gymnosperm: Type of seed plant that produces bare seeds in cones. Take control of your sex life: The more sexual partners you have, the higher your risk will be of contracting an STD. When it arrives in the uterus, it is safely attached in the thick lining of the uterus. "It's a long shot but one we hope will bear fruits" commented Dr Wimple. How do you think this seed is dispersed? (noun) extreme hunger, starvation or lack (scarcity) of food. (To produce children to continue the existence of our species. A lot of these myths are not based on proof. You should go through each of the myths to show that they are in fact all myths - they are NOT true. The Coco de Mer seed is larger than the size of the human head! They are then carried along as the animal walks and drop off later. Once an egg is fertilised, where is it implanted or embedded? These seed pods explode when they become dry and crack open. Using the data on the graph, what changes in your height can you expect to experience if you were to follow the typical growth trend? Trained FAMSA facilitators will divide the class into smaller groups so that it is easier to ask questions. Identify the structures involved in reproduction of gymnosperms. During puberty, many young people have commented that their emotions are like a roller-coaster. In conifers such as pines, the green leafy part of the plant is the sporophyte; the cones contain the male and female gametophytes. Although the wording seems simple, it actually takes about a year for the development of the pollen tube. [2 marks]. Comparing reproduction in a gymnosperm and angiosperm. If necessary, you can separate boys and girls. "Women who are menstruating are dirty and unclean. Note: Interpreting graphs is a crucial skill in Natural Sciences. Which ones? 7 classmates, you will probably notice that your friends, and you, have changed quite a bit since you started Gr. Learners may battle with this question so you could discuss it as a class. Does it have something to do with the way seeds are spread to new areas? (Either positive or negative reaction.) Some species are able to switch between asexual and sexual reproduction, depending on certain conditions, such as whether there is a mate available for sexual reproduction. This is so that it sticks to the animal which is visiting the flower for nectar and can then be carried to the next flower. Angiosperms are flowering plants and bear seeds while Celebrations and memorable events in your life. The type of reproduction of flowering plants is called double fertilization. Provide labels for numbers 1-12. This is necessary so that learners are aware that we are learning about one type of reproduction (sexual) in different organisms, but that there are other groups of organisms that reproduce asexually. After the formation of the zygote and endosperm, the process of turning the flower into a fruit begins, which contains seeds - the rudiments of a new generation of plants. The flowers produce male and female structures that can either be on the same plant or can be on two separate plants. Angiosperms reproduce by producing flowers (male and female sex cells) and after pollination, seeds - this is called sexual reproduction. Answers should include an explanation that these plants have brightly coloured flowers to attract certain insects for example, a strong odour or perhaps a long nectar producing pouch. Gymnosperms are woody plants that bear "naked seeds." They are called naked because their seeds develop exposed on the upper surfaces of cone scales, such . There are two basic ways in which reproduction can take place: Asexual reproduction occurs when one parent organism makes offspring which are identical to the parent. There are many different kinds of cells, for example, cheek cells, muscle cells and nerve cells in some animals; or leaf cells, root cells or petal cells in plants. Take some notes on the following lines. 20% of 15 to 17 year-olds say they have done something sexual while using alcohol or drugs that they might not have done if they were sober. 32.3: Plant Reproductive Development and Structure - Sexual For example, on what day did your bean start to grow roots? Wind pollinated plants will need large amounts of very light pollen that is easily wind-borne. The male structures of flowers are the anthers and filaments, making up the stamens. Some of them may not have had an opportunity before to ask questions about reproduction, especially if their parents have not felt comfortable discussing this with them. Video showing how ripe yellow woodsorrel pods explode to release their seeds. This moment, when the male sperm and the female egg cell fuse is referred to as the moment of conception, or fertilisation, and this leads to pregnancy as the baby starts to develop. Individual learners to mark this on the graph. Anthers firmly placed inside flowers to brush against pollinators. Produce the male hormone; produces sperm that travel through different tubes to the penis from where it is ejaculated. This includes protecting yourself against possible pregnancy and against any STD infection. Usually, a. These flowers do not need to attract animals with their colourful petals as they rely on the wind for pollination. In conifers such as pines, the green leafy part of the plant is the sporophyte, and the cones contain the male and female gametophytes (Figure 1). Wind: Wind dispersal requires very light, small seeds that can be carried on the wind. It is also very light and small. Most gymnosperms produce two types and cycads are gymnosperms. Use your table of measurement to draw a graph of plant growth (height) over the 14 days of your investigation. Why are pollinators also important to humans? 12.7: Angiosperms versus Gymnosperms - Biology LibreTexts

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