Keller, J. et al. Our obtained clustering results therefore confirm a complex history of cross-breeding and enhancement along with strong selective breeding in these Italian cattle breeds. Finally, for the first time, we used local ancestry information as a genomic fingerprint tool to discriminate among several migration scenarios and provided novel support for the hypothesis of multiple historical cattle migration events into the Italian peninsula. Biol. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Understanding the origin, dispersal and evolution of globally important livestock species such as cattle and sheep has thus been the focus of numerous genetic investigations (e.g.5,6,7). Jarvis, J. P. et al. Front. 60, 115 (1977). 31, 12751291 (2014). Bos Taurus beef cattle known as European Ruminant animals with a four-compartment stomach Byproduct product remaining after the animal carcass has been processed Gelding castrated male horse Students also viewed Basic Animal Science However, it often is difficult to keep dairy breeds and crosses in good flesh on typical rangeland or coarse pasture. Generally, these females are best used in terminal crossing systems. Additionally, historical records dating back to Roman times mention the presence of thick-set and powerful cattle in Etruria and Latium and the use of white large cattle in ritual parades since Roman times (Columella, De Re Rustica, VI, 1362,81). Genet. Sire choice is greatly influenced by types represented in a cow herd. 8, 110 (2011). Currently, more than 75 breeds can be registered in the United States. 36, 283303 (2019). Elzo, M. A. et al. Appropriate functional levels can differ, depending on the breeding system implemented. When genetic types or breeds are compared for differences in cutability, it is assumed that the breeds have similar nutrition levels. The Genome Landscape of Tibetan Sheep Reveals Adaptive Introgression from Argali and the History of Early Human Settlements on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau. The genomic region CW-18 (~1Mb) showed the highest CIWI signal genome-wide (Supplementary Fig. Here, we used genomic data to partition the ancestry components of PO cattle and map loci implicated in birth weight. Nature 410, 10881091 (2001). We used PCAdmix v1.046 to infer genomic local ancestry. Ancestral allele information was available from Rocha and colleagues50. Biol. and E.-S.K. Huson, D. H. & Bryant, D. Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Bos indicus (also known as zebu or humped) cattle are heat tolerant and parasite resistant, which is advantageous in hot, humid climates. In practical terms, reference choice is tricky, as recent demographic histories of the reference breeds can lead to confounding results46. Int. Evol. Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle (Bos taurus). Posted on September 3, 2019 September 3, 2019 by beef-cattle. iCEV Basic Animal Science Flashcards - Learning tools, flashcards, and contracts here, Sign up for Nature Briefing: Translational Research. Mol. Japanese wagyu bull on a farm north of Kobe Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). Reference choice is key, along with sufficiently dense data along the chromosomes, to allow reliable ancestry inference37,46. American breeds are widely applicable, especially for, but not limited to, hot climates. 85, 14791486 (2007). Here, we tested the presence of signatures of selection using the haplotype-based statistic nSL47 as implemented in the software Selscan v1.2.0a48. Albrechtsen, A., Nielsen, F. C. & Nielsen, R. Ascertainment biases in SNP chips affect measures of population divergence. Koch, R. M., Swiger, L. A., Chambers, D. & Gregory, K. E. Efficiency of Feed Use in Beef Cattle. Internet Explorer). Rocha, D., Billerey, C., Samson, F., Boichard, D. & Boussaha, M. Identification of the putative ancestral allele of bovine single-nucleotide polymorphisms. PLoS One 4, e5350 (2009). Clutton-Brock, J. Prod. The aurochs (Bos primigenius) (/ r k s / or / a r k s /) is an extinct cattle species, considered to be the wild ancestor of modern domestic cattle. Importantly, ascertainment bias impacts frequency-based statistics to a larger extent than multi-locus (e.g., Admixture) and haplotype-based (e.g., PCAdmix) statistics64,65,66,67. List of cattle breeds - Wikipedia Mol. In prehistoric times, humankind hunted aurochs and later . 31, 28247 (2014). Patterns of Ancestry, Signatures of Natural Selection, and Genetic Association with Stature in Western African Pygmies. 27, 105122 (1991). VonHoldt, B. M. et al. Beef - Wikipedia PLoS Genet. volume10, Articlenumber:1279 (2020) The eastern origin of indicine-derived ancestry in Central Italian white cattle breeds overlaps with the Podolian phenotypic features we can identify in such breeds: grey coat colour, long horns, and overall rusticity. The strongest CIWI signal was recorded on BTA18 between 10.80 and 11.74Mb (CW-18), with the highest values recorded in Chianina (Supplementary Fig. Revealing the history of sheep domestication using retrovirus integrations. Am. Cattle are not native to the western hemisphere. This disease has killed many people in Europe, therefore causing a ban on all importation of British beef by European countries. Maternal ability is unimportant in terminal sires because their heifers are not kept for replacements. Conversely, CW-7 was recorded in all the Italian breeds but Romagnola, in two of the East European breeds, but not in the Iberian breeds. Google Scholar. In this publication, estimates of functional traits or characteristics are based on estimates of breed averages, but individuals can vary considerably within breeds. Barbato, M., Orozco-terWengel, P., Tapio, M. & Bruford, M. W. SNeP: a tool to estimate trends in recent effective population size trajectories using genome-wide SNP data. For both genomic regions, we recovered a signal of indicine (rather than African taurine) ancestry, overlapping with CW-18, and a partial overlap with the CW-7 (Supplementary Fig. 81, 626633 (2007). In general, as nutrition declines, the smaller, lower-milking, easierfleshing types are better adapted and more efficient. Mol. Am. Further, nSL is well suited to detect selection in loci at low-medium frequency, as in incomplete sweeps on standing variation47,49. As with Continental Beef, these are best used as terminal sires. 1, Supplementary Figs. 22, 7985 (1992). PubMed Central Olivieri, B. F. et al. Beef Cattle Flashcards | Quizlet Heredity (Edinb). 94, 45704582 (2016). Connecting Heat Tolerance and Tenderness in Bos indicus Influenced Cattle The female is first a heifer calf, growing into a heifer and becoming a cow. 50, 37 (2018). 1). Google Scholar. The larger, faster-gaining breeds often are a logical choice for terminal sires used in natural service in hot climates. PubMed Further, we studied the occurrence of the same signals in several breeds from East and West Europe. They were first domesticated in the Indus Valley region of India, even prior to the introduction of Aurochs. Sci. A second inferred domestication event occurred about 2,000 years later in the Indus valley, Central Asia, with Bos primigenius namadicus as ancestor of humped zebu cattle (Bos indicus)10,11. More stringently, 24 of these genes were found within the top 1% of CIWI scores in at least one of the three breeds, but none of them shared by all the three breeds (Table2). Bolormaa, S. et al. PubMed Central The geographical origin of the breeds is indicated above the plot. Genomewide association analysis of growth traits in Charolais beef cattle1. Aim, C. et al. J. Hum. But inherent cutability differences can be readily altered by varying nutrition to achieve similar degrees of fatness. We identified genes which might become target of ad-hoc physiological studies and targets for selection (and potentially gene editing), and eventually contribute to reduced production cost, as well as environmental burden in livestock farming (e.g., lower greenhouse gas production). PubMed The Bos taurus in the United States originated in the British Isles and western continental Europe. Rep. 7, 7623 (2017). African taurine recorded similar values (range 120175). R. Soc. Bos primigenus taurus (taurine) is largely of European descent and typically best adapted to temperate zones. 5, e1000686 (2009). J. Anim. As might be expected, animals tolerant to hot climates are less adapted to cold. Vajana, E. et al. Proc. While Bos indicus types reach puberty relatively late, their productive life is usually longer. Beef Torus (Bos Taurus Taurus) refers to European cattle. and muscling. 79, 112 (2006). Mol. Article 1). Among Podolian cattle are some breeds from Central Italy which display phenotypes such as red coat in calves and white to light grey coat in adults, and a predisposition for draught and beef production, all typical traits of Podolian cattle breeds22. The history and geography of human genes. However, breeds are only part of a genetic strategy that should include: Cattle can be divided into two basic classifications, Bos taurus (non-humped) and Bos indicus (humped, also called Zebu). 9 (2018). Breed. In subtropical and some temperate areas, cattle with a proportion of Bos indicus breeding are used. Sci. No direct phenotypic associations have been proposed for H2AFY in cattle, but splicing dysregulation of this gene has been associated with skeletal muscle regeneration disorders in murine models54. S4). Breed. a) A high degree of heat tolerance, derived partly from low heat production and partly from a large ability to dissipate heat. RFI seems to be a polygenic trait in both taurine and indicine cattle72. Central Italian cattle samples were obtained from the project PARAMOGGQUAL - Ricerca per lindividuazione di parametri oggettivi di qualit della carcassa e della carne rilevabili in filiera, dei principali fattori ambientali che la influenzano, e di indici genetici dei riproduttori per avviare la selezione dei bovini anche su parametri di qualit della carne funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies, MiPAAFT. Combining Landscape Genomics and Ecological Modelling to Investigate Local Adaptation of Indigenous Ugandan Cattle to East Coast Fever. A Bos indicus -influenced female with characteristically long ears and a large dewlap. hybrid vigor Whole-genome resequencing reveals world-wide ancestry and adaptive introgression events of domesticated cattle in East Asia. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Tropical Animal Health and Production (2023). Brahman Cattle - Breeds of Livestock Bos taurus (or Bos taurus taurus) are the typical cattle of Europe, north-eastern Asia, and parts of Africa - they are referred to in this list as "taurine" cattle, and many are adapted to cooler climates. Hence, it is possible that Chianina large but slender body type provided a combination of draught, elegance, and heat-resistance features which over time promoted and maintained its morphology. Biol. [1] The zebu was classified as a distinct species by Juliet Clutton-Brock in 1999, [4] [5] but as a subspecies of the domestic cattle, Bos taurus indicus, by Peter Grubb in 2005. Front. Mol. & Lange, K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. This is not the actual volume of milk produced, which also is influenced by the cows nutrition and the calfs growth potential and nursing pressure. Further investigations with more extensive sampling of local cattle populations will therefore be required to firmly assess these scenarios. PubMed McTavish, E. J. Ecol. Nat. J. Anim. S5). The identified genes could provide genomic targets for selection for improved cattle performance. Google Scholar. S4). A genomic map of climate adaptation in Mediterranean cattle breeds. Nowadays, these breeds are highly valued for their meat (e.g., Chianina and Marchigiana T-bones are used for the Fiorentina steak) and therefore subject to higher management standards to maximise production, but retained both hardiness and rusticity62. PCAdmix: principal components-based assignment of ancestry along each chromosome in individuals with admixed ancestry from two or more populations. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. PubMed Prod. Mol. Effect of breed composition on phenotypic residual feed intake and growth in Angus, Brahman, and Angus Brahman crossbred cattle. Comp. To identify reference-independent signals of introgression we applied the CIWI-framework using Chianina, Marchigiana, and Romagnola as target populations. Alberto, F. J. et al. As one improves, the other tends to decline. 1). Hu, X.-J. Vatsiou, A. I., Bazin, E. & Gaggiotti, O. E. Detection of selective sweeps in structured populations: A comparison of recent methods. Chen, S. et al. Corbin, L. J., Liu, A. Y. H., Bishop, S. C. & Woolliams, J. Sci. Mario Barbato or Paolo Ajmone-Marsan. 118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-017-0935-9 (2017). Article Evol. Gargani, M. et al. The major functional traits important in Texas beef production include body size, milking potential, age at puberty, hot climate adaptability, fleshing ability, muscle expression, cutability, and marbling. However, feed efficiency in terms of improved ability to metabolize nutrients is still a highly desirable characteristic for cattle breeders as feed accounts for approximately 7090% of the total cost in animal production, along with the inherent environmental cost of feed production. ADS et al. M.B. Evol. The Bos indicus arose in south central Asia. Google Scholar. Thank you for visiting nature.com. For more discussion on breeding systems, see Extension publication E-189, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleIV: Breeding Systems. The aurochs is ancestral to both zebu and taurine cattle. Both genomic regions were identified as putatively introgressed in Maremmana and Podolica. Beef Taurus (Bos Taurus Taurus) refers to cattle of European origins. Rev. 60, 6773.e1 (2018). We identified eight regions of indicine-derived ancestry shared by the Central Italian white-cattle breeds within the top 5% of the genome-wide CIWI scores (Supplementary TableS1). Currently, LAI has been mostly performed on high-density human datasets32,33,34,35, and medium-density DNA array data in canids and ovines36,37,38. J. Hum. Article Upadhyay, M. et al. 87, 38773886 (2009). Among the 24 genes also identified within the top 1% CIWI (Table2), are CCDC14, ROPN1, and CPNE4 (BTA1), SBF2 (BTA15), and SERPINB10 (BTA24). Again, consult E-188, Texas Adapted Genetic Strategies for Beef CattleIII: Body Size and Milking Level. We identified CW-7 (~1.6Mb) as the second strongest signal of indicine-derived introgression. Selective advantage of this introgression appears to result from improved feed efficiency and body size. CAS Bos Indicus or Bos Taurus Modern beef cattle can be classified as one of two biological types American Breeds The Brahman, Brangus, Beefmaster, and other Bos Indicus breeds developed in the United States are often referred to as? . Genet. Because some of the lesser-known breeds in this group are smaller than the major breeds in the group, they are more applicable for generalpurpose use than as terminal sires. Chessa, B. et al. PubMed Central 27, 16 (2010). Ecol., https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15004 (2018). Marbling, or intramuscular fat, is the primary factor determining USDA Quality Grade, an indicator of the palatability factors of tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. Genome-wide scan for selection signatures in six cattle breeds in South Africa. Appl. Classification and Breeds | Functional Traits | Breeds and Functional Types | Matching Levels | Using Functional Types. Anim. Aurochs - Wikipedia Connecting Heat Tolerance and Tenderness in Bos indicus Influenced Cattle Similarly, no signal was detected corresponding to CW-7 and CW-18 among the Iberian breeds. They can be straightbred, crossed with other American breeds, or crossed with all other types except purebred or high-percentage Bos indicus. Although there are exceptions, weight at all ages tends to be positively relatedcattle heavier at birth tend to be heavier throughout life. Acad. 10, e1004254 (2014). Evidence of Bos javanicus x Bos indicus hybridization and major QTLs Genome Res. PLoS Genet. 19, 16551664 (2009). Sci. Sermyagin, A. Overall, zebus tend to have longer legs and a more slender morphology than taurine cattle82,83. Blood samples from 16 Chianina, 13 Marchigiana and 30 Romagnola individuals were provided by ANABIC Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini Italiani Carne (http://www.anabic.it/). Published: 13 May 2022 DNA methylation may affect beef tenderness through signal transduction in Bos indicus Marcela Maria de Souza, Simone Cristina Mo Niciura, Marina Ibelli Pereira Rocha, Zhangyuan Pan, Huaijun Zhou, Jennifer Jessica Bruscadin, Wellison Jarles da Silva Diniz, Juliana Afonso, Priscila Silva Neubern de Oliveira, Gerson B. Mouro,

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